TMTPOST -- The sky over Baghdad is a deep, unbroken blue. Apart from the Arabic music playing softly in the car and the occasional honk outside, Alex didn’t hear the explosions and gunfire he had imagined.
In 2017, the Iraqi government declared victory over ISIS. After decades of turmoil, the city—whose name in Persian means “the land granted by God”—finally embraced a long-awaited peace. Beneath the apparent tranquility, however, market opportunities were stirring.
Alex, a social entertainment entrepreneur exploring overseas markets, saw untapped potential in the country during a recent field trip. Iraq’s median age is just 20, and although social media penetration stands at roughly 70%, the total number of users rivals Saudi Arabia’s population—three times that of the UAE.
“It’s worth investing our energy here,” Alex concluded. His team made the decision after an intensive research period, identifying Iraq as a high-growth frontier for pan-entertainment apps.
The Middle Eastern social entertainment market, long dominated by early movers and major players, is entering a new phase. In recent years, many smaller firms have exited the region after struggling to compete against established giants. Rising user acquisition costs and shifting consumer expectations have heightened the challenge, even as top players consolidate their hold on affluent Gulf markets.
Yet for those willing to look beyond the obvious, opportunities abound.
Hot Money, Giants, and Sudden Brakes
In May 2016, YY founder Li Xueling said during an earnings call that, in the live streaming sector, BIGO “had no competitors overseas.” Far from arrogance, this statement captured the reality at the time: early movers like BIGO enjoyed an unchallenged foothold in the Middle Eastern social entertainment space.
BIGO adapted proven Chinese live streaming models for local tastes and quickly became a household name. Other early entrants such as MICO under Newborn Town, UpLive under Asia Innovations Group, and Yalla Technology also gained significant traction. Yalla, launched by Yang Tao after seven years of groundwork in the Middle East, carved out a niche in voice-based social networking, akin to a Middle Eastern Clubhouse.
By the late 2010s, live streaming and voice chat apps had become mainstream. The high proportion of premium-paying users in the region and a strong appetite for social entertainment became widely recognized. TikTok, for example, made a high-profile Middle Eastern debut in 2019 by renting the Burj Khalifa for a light show, signaling the region’s growing strategic importance.
Data from RongCloud’s Social Entertainment Overseas Battle Map shows that from 2020 to 2021, pan-entertainment apps in the Middle East grew 387%, making it the fastest-growing region globally. Hundreds of voice chat products emerged, with new apps entering app store charts monthly. But the blue ocean soon became a battlefield, and the rapid expansion gave way to stabilization by 2023.
Today, Google Play rankings in the Middle East show little movement: top social apps maintain consistent positions across 12 countries and territories. New entrants rarely break into the upper echelons, highlighting the dominance of early movers like TikTok, Facebook, BIGO, Chizicheng, and Yalla.
Despite the slowdown, competition remains intense. While early strategies relied heavily on “buying traffic” for rapid expansion, costs have surged. User acquisition, which cost just over $1 per download in 2017, can exceed $5 by 2022. Many cash-burning newcomers fail without deep reserves or operational capabilities, whereas established players continue to thrive through steady investment and long-term local engagement.
TikTok’s aggressive early marketing strategy—spending reportedly $1 billion annually—ensured near-complete market penetration in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, now among its top five global revenue contributors. Similarly, 7nujoom raised over 100 million RMB to establish a foothold, attracting major investors like Sina and Baidu, though less well-funded competitors quickly fell by the wayside.
From “Money Magnet” to “Attention Magnet”
The social entertainment market has evolved beyond simple cash investment. With rising user expectations and shifting cultural preferences, platforms must now focus on attention rather than just expenditure.
While global consumer spending is expected to drop by 12% in 2025, Alix Partners reports that UAE consumer spending intentions will rise by 13%, underscoring the resilience of Middle Eastern consumers—particularly young, affluent users. Luxury brands, entertainment experiences, and premium social features continue to thrive despite broader economic slowdowns.
In this context, social entertainment apps have adapted. Early stranger-social models like livestreaming and audio chatrooms filled cultural and religious gaps, aligning well with status-conscious and family-oriented user bases. But as the market matured, attention fatigue set in. Users demanded higher-quality features: premium filters, exclusive experiences, personalized service, and localized engagement.
Companies responded with innovative strategies. Yalla, for example, integrated prayer schedules and Quranic content into WeMuslim, creating a hybrid social-religious platform. Boo leveraged MBTI personality tests for social matchmaking, while Weplay adapted trends from global pop culture such as K-dramas and K-pop events. Offline marketing and esports partnerships further strengthened brand loyalty.
Localization proved critical. Chizi City, for instance, established a Cairo branch in 2017, hiring predominantly local staff for operations, moderation, and strategic decisions. Product teams regularly travel to the region to engage directly with users and guild organizations, ensuring that cultural nuances and preferences shape product development.
This attentiveness translates into tangible growth. Chizicheng reports that its Middle East and North Africa revenue rose more than 60% in the first half of 2025, with an annualized compound growth rate exceeding 50% over five years. Yalla’s dual-track “social + gaming” strategy increased gaming revenue from 8.9% to 33.4%, reflecting a deliberate diversification strategy.
Heading to the Middle East’s “Beyond the Fifth Ring”
As competition in traditional Gulf markets peaks, operators are exploring previously overlooked territories—what industry insiders call “beyond the Fifth Ring.” These include secondary cities, rural areas, and emerging markets across Iraq, Syria, and lower-tier Gulf regions.
For example, SUGO targets users in Iraq, where acquisition costs are as low as $0.30 per user, and labor costs for content creators are markedly lower than in wealthy Gulf states. Sensor Tower data indicates SUGO consistently ranks in the top 10 for downloads and revenue in Iraq, demonstrating the viability of these new opportunities.
These lower-tier markets require meticulous cultivation. Users are highly price-sensitive, necessitating microtransactions and UGC (user-generated content) monetization models. Platforms like SUGO and Saada enable users to both consume and host content, fostering community engagement and retention. TopTop, meanwhile, localizes games to match regional preferences, creating a sense of exclusivity and deep social connection.
Cultural nuances remain pivotal. Pure community environments, gifting, and tipping mechanisms align with local values and status signaling, creating commercial opportunities without alienating users. Companies that successfully integrate product innovation, attentive service, and cultural understanding gain a competitive edge, while those that rely solely on capital often fail.
The Middle Eastern social entertainment market now demands a combination of strategic patience, local integration, and attentive operations. While global giants dominate conversation and capital, regional success increasingly favors players who invest in detail, understand local habits, and respond dynamically to evolving user expectations.
The Middle East has evolved from a blue ocean for social entertainment to a mature market with complex, multi-tiered dynamics. From early live streaming and voice chat pioneers to today’s highly localized apps, the region demonstrates that sustained growth depends on more than funding—it requires cultural integration, attentive operations, and long-term vision.
As platforms expand into “beyond the Fifth Ring” markets, opportunities remain abundant, but success favors those who understand both the market’s cultural intricacies and operational challenges. In a region where young populations, rising disposable income, and digital-first lifestyles intersect, the next wave of social entertainment leaders will be defined by attention to detail, local engagement, and the ability to turn global experience into locally resonant experiences.
The Middle East may no longer be a distant blue ocean, but for those willing to navigate its complexities, the rewards could be transformative.
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